The Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia at Ferris State University in Big Rapids, MI promotes a scholarly examination of the collection of anti-black strategic propaganda produced in the United States. One hateful image repeatedly displayed is the racist stereotype of black people with watermelon. Watermelon has historical significance as a symbol of freedom and economic independence for Americans. What I took away was the power of images and the deranged mental state that would allow a people to become so obsessed with creating them.
The stereotype emerged post-Civil War with a specific political purpose. Some newly liberated Africans chose to grow and sell watermelons as an avenue to economic independence. They “picked themselves up by the bootstraps” following emancipation. Watermelons became a symbol of African liberation.
As a result, whites, threatened by this hard-earned freedom, responded by racializing the fruit. They pathologized the new African-Americans as having an insatiable appetite for watermelon. Instead of a mark of independence, watermelon became the pictogram of uncleanliness, laziness, childishness, and simple-mindedness.
America witnessed resentful former enslavers upset that their livelihoods crashed. The cause of that crash was picking up the pieces and doing something productive with their lives. Of course, The South structured its entire economic system around the institution of slavery. Even if one wasn’t an enslaver, careers like overseers, auctioneers, deliverers, bounty hunters, steamboat industry, construction industry, banking industry, the fashion industry, and railway industry depended on enslavement. Even doctors and lawyers lost work due to abolition. Misery loves company, and if former enslavers we hurting finically, they wanted to ensure the former enslaved were too. The disgrace associated with the produce intended to shame black people from their business enterprises. As a result, it hurt business sales and prevent financial success.
In recognizing the historical context of the racist stereotype, we better understand what the trope says about its intended target and those who created the hateful image. We document that liberated Africans farmed and sold crops as honest work to sustain themselves and provide for their families. They continued their hard-working, industrious, resilient character with an entrepreneurial spirit into freedom.
By mocking honest work, resentful former enslavers mocked financial independence. They scorned the very foundation that America claims—freedom. They ridiculed hard work, initiative, and business enterprises.
We can take a scholarly approach in examining the phycology of the creators of the image. The caricature created illustrates how they view people hard at work. The amount of time focused on going out of one’s way to create such a hateful image indicates something peculiar, irrational, obsessive, and debased about their psychological condition.
While these images began during Reconstruction, they continue to propagate a century and a half later. All during President Obama’s presidency, the fruit was used to harass and undermined his qualification. Most notably were the images made in 2014 by the Boston Harald, Kentucky’s Obama and watermelon statue, and a related image circulated by Dean Grose, the Mayor of Los Alamitos, California. Just a few weeks ago in May, a staff member at the Boston Fine Arts Museum told a group of 7th-grade students from Dorchester (code for mostly black with some Latinos sprinkled in) “No food, no drinks, and no watermelon.”
The Destructive properties of the imagery extend beyond insult. Even today, black people are underrepresented watermelon consumers representing only 11% of watermelon consumers (13% would be right on target). I’ve also made a point not to eat watermelon because of the stereotypical depictions. Can you believe that? Something some hateful people began in the 1800s, who are long dead, has influenced the choices of a millennial in the 2000s. I’m not alone. Both Malcolm X and James Baldwin refused to eat watermelon in a mixed company.
Disassociation from watermelon continues to give power and influence to those, now dead enslavers who sought to dehumanize. There is no shame in any symbol of freedom. Freedom is something worth celebrating. By remembering the history and tradition of the entrepreneurship of liberated black farmers and black business owners during Reconstruction, we celebrate the achievement of resilience and hard work. We also draw a spotlight to how the racist depictions began in the first place—from actual lazy, salty, jealous haters.
Celebrate Juneteenth with watermelon dishes served three ways:
Savory watermelon with Nigerian-Inspired Groundnuts (aka peanuts)
Boozy Rum Watermelon slices
Watermelon Salad
